Austria 17th 18th centuries essays

3 Steps to Acing Your Upcoming Group Interview You’ve been approached in for a board meet. Perhaps you’re threatened. Perhaps frightened. Possibly you’re not even sure you comprehend what that really involves. Whatever your degree of fear, here are three simple strides to traversing your board meet tranquilly and in one piece. Stage 1: BEFOREYou reserve the privilege to ask who will be on your board. Do this. At that point inquire about each board part as well as could be expected. You’ll have the option to make sense of a considerable amount and get ready better for what each may be generally quick to ask you. What does this specific gathering of individuals educate you regarding what the organization is attempting to assess?You can likewise ask to what extent (generally) the meeting should last. This will give you a nice sentiment for what amount to and fro conversation will be conceivable, how much space you’ll be given to pose inquiries, to what extent your answers can be, etc.Step 2: DURING Treat every individual on the board like an individual not simply one more anonymous face. This isn't an indifferent divider asking you inquiries. Every questioner on your board is another chance to make a human association and persuade that a lot more individuals in the organization what an extraordinary fit you would be.Be sure to observe everybody’s name as they are presented. Record every one if that causes you recall. When responding to questions, talk straightforwardly to the person who asked, yet then attempt to widen your answer out to cause the remainder of the board to feel remembered for the discussion.Step 3: AFTERYou’ve took in their names and put forth an attempt to interface with each board part presently thank every single one of them earnestly withâ solid eye to eye connection and a quality handshake. From that point forward, it’s the typical post-meet follow-up methodology. Be that as it may, recall that you have to keep in touch with one card to say thanks for each board part. It appears to be a torment, however it’s these little contacts that will help set you apart.The board talk with: 6 hints for previously, during, and after

Causes and Consequences of Corruption in India and How to Counter It

Meaning OF Corruption is characterized as the utilization of open office for private addition, or at the end of the day, utilization of legitimate position, rank or status by an office carrier for his very own advantage. Following from this definition, instances of degenerate conduct would include: (a) pay off, (b) coercion, (c) misrepresentation, (d) theft, (e) nepotism, (f) cronyism, (g) assignment of open resources and property for private use, and (h) impact hawking. Exercises, for example, misrepresentation and misappropriation can be embraced by an authority alone and without association of a second party.While others, for example, pay off, coercion and impact selling include two gatherings â€The supplier and taker in a degenerate arrangement. The two party sort of defilement can emerge under an assortment of conditions. Regularly referenced are worried about the accompanying: (I) Government contracts: pay-offs can impact who gets the agreement, the details of the agreement, just as terms of subcontracts when the venture is executed. (ii) Government benefits: pay-offs can impact the portion of money related advantages, for example, credit endowments and supported costs and trade rates where value controls and different trade rates exist.Bribes can likewise be significant in acquiring licenses and allows to participate in worthwhile financial exercises, for example, bringing in specific merchandise popular and hard to find. Additionally, pay-offs can be utilized to obtain in-kind advantages, for example, access to special schools, financed clinical consideration, sponsored lodging and land, and appealing possession stakes in undertakings that are being privatized. (iii) Government income: pay-offs can be utilized to diminish the measure of assessments, expenses, duty, custom obligations, and power and other open utility charges gathered from business firms and private people. iv) Time reserve funds and administrative evasion: pay-offs can accelerate the conceding of consent, licenses and allows to complete exercises that are impeccably lawful. This is the supposed â€Å"grease money† to turn the wheels of administration all the more easily, quickly and ideally the correct way. It is additionally not hard to think about an extremely horrendous circumstance where rules and guidelines, and the manner in which they are applied, are so unpredictable and oppressive that the main path left to complete things is to pay cash to stay away from them. (v) Influencing results of legitimate and administrative procedures: pay-offs can be utilized to give motivating forces to administrative uthorities to cease from making a move, and to look the other way, when private gatherings participate in exercises that are infringing upon existing laws, rules and guidelines, for example, those identifying with controlling contamination, forestalling wellbeing dangers, or advancing open security as on account of construction standards and traffic gui delines. Correspondingly, pay-offs can be given to support one gathering over another in legal disputes or in other lawful and administrative procedures. Causes:- 1) Lack of viable administration and association: Due to fumble and disorder, there is a feeble control on different divisions and their working.This prompts absence of coordination and control among offices and levels of association. This uncontrolled and solo organization offers ascend to defilement for huge scope. Plus, arrangement of wasteful and inadequate chiefs and officials on different degrees of order additionally prompts bungle and disorder. The main source of this off-base arrangement is defilement. Consequently, defilement breeds debasement. 2) Lack of conservative strength: Economical emergency and value climb are significant reasons for debasement. Affordable emergency prompts joblessness and change in standard of living.It builds up a sentiment of weakness in the psyches of influenced individuals. The vast majority of the individuals don't have tolerance and boldness to confront this circumstance. So as to recapture their business and to keep up way of life and status, this influenced individuals connect with themselves in illicit and corrupt exercises. They would prefer not to buckle down again for accomplishing a similar position and post. They utilize different unlawful alternate ways for accomplishing them. 3) Lack of successful initiative: Good pioneers can just lead individuals towards development, improvement and progress. They assume huge job in destruction of social evils.In India, there is huge lack of good pioneers. Pioneers pass on message of residents to the organization and government. They lead the individuals against debasement and social indecencies. A nation can't make due without legit and genuine pioneers. There is dire need of pioneers like Mahatma Gandhiji. We need more Anna Hazares and Medha Patkars. 4) Lack of help: There are hardly any acceptable pioneers in I ndia. They endeavor hard to annihilate debasement from the general public. In any case, because of absence of help and participation from individuals, the voice and endeavors of these incredible pioneers are frequently suppressed.People of India are more worried about their life than the turn of events and assurance of their nation against social indecencies. Numerous residents have acknowledged debasement as a piece of their life. They figure, it is futile and exercise in futility, to help pioneers against debasement. 5) Lack of qualities: Home and instructive organization assume a critical job in character working of residents. Virtues are just educated in a large portion of these organizations. Be that as it may, they are not appropriately instilled in person. This is the fundamental reason for debasement. Numerous guardians and instructors don't rehearse what they preach.Hence, their proclaiming doesn't bring out wanted outcomes. Youngsters copy guardians. On the off chance that guardians are degenerate, all things considered, kids will likewise get degenerate. 6) Lack of adoration for nation: Due to quick modernisation and globalization, individuals are turning out to be increasingly narrow minded. They are just worried about self enhancement and riches gathering. The main target of numerous Indian is to get rich as quickly as time permits. They see themselves as enthusiastic just by commending freedom and republic day. They don't have a clue about the real importance of enthusiasm. They are not worried about advancement of country and privileges of others.Due to this mentality, they effectively engage in debasement and corrupt exercises. During strike and fights, numerous politically associated residents harm and devastate open property. 7) Lack of appropriate framework: In India, defilement exists in all levels and territories of framework. Not many legitimate individuals make due in this degenerate framework. The individuals who speak more loudly again st defilement are murdered or compelled to leave. This quickens the development of debasement. A large portion of the individuals associated with Indian framework have accept defilement as a vital part of their obligations. They don't have disdain or sick inclination towards corruption.They believe that without it, we can't endure and support in this framework. In addition, frameworks are interrelated and related. Accordingly, debasement spreads like tumor in all the frameworks. 8) Lack of fulfillment: Greed results from non-fulfillment. Individuals are not happy with their present status, position and riches. They need to get mogul in a limited capacity to focus time. Development and extravagance isn't terrible. However, it is miserable to see that the Indian are receiving illicit and shameless approaches to accomplish them. Numerous Indians are occupied with undesirable rivalries of riches gathering (with family members, partners and neighbors). ) Lack of independence: Establishme nt and development of private and business division rely upon endorsement of government official. Numerous lawmaker abuse their position and force. They have just a single rule for endorsement â€Å"Pay us else you won't get paid†. Business people consider pay off as duty like other authority charges. Pay off has gotten vital for the foundation of association. Organizations and contractual workers secure agreements and government extends because of pay off. Great citations and work of organization doesn't viewed as models for making sure about agreements. 0) Lack of good control and cautiousness: In India, a few organizations are working day and night to stop debasement. Be that as it may, a few authorities of these organizations get enticed towards illicit commissions and leave degenerate individuals with no punishment and discipline. Debasement breeds defilement. To keep a beware of crores of individuals, more organizations and progressively fair authorities are required. S ubsequently, there is an enormous deficiency of these organizations and authorities in India. This outcomes in absence of control and cautiousness on criminal operations. 11) Lack of good compensation: In private part, manager chooses pay and work benefits.He has total opportunity and there is no weight on him from government. Because of this reality, numerous businesses save money on more work. They misuse representatives of their organizations. Indeed, even the working conditions in the greater part of the foundations are more regrettable. Worker doesn't have any government managed savings and retirement benefits. Workers get disappointed and embrace unlawful intends to improve their income and future secure. 12) Lack of business: Many jobless instructed youth fall prey to debasement. They are happy to pay colossal sum for employments. Numerous business exploit this circumstance. They accept kickbacks and give arrangement letters.The designated representative uses all methods (law ful and unlawful) to recuperate his lost cash as ahead of schedule as could be expected under the circumstances. Henceforth, Corruption breeds debasement. At the point when these workers accomplish force and authority. They accept kickbacks from contender for employments. These customs of defilement proceed from age to age with no check and control. 13) Lack of seats and instructive organizations: In request to satisfy dreams and aspirations of their kids, guardians pay immense gift to make sure about affirmation for their youngsters. Consequently, the premise of affirmation isn't merit yet cash. The executives utilize greatest usage of standard allowed to them.Every year there is an expansion in gift sum. Wealthy understudies who made sure about less rate in assessments, effectively gets affirmations by paying gigantic gifts. Poor understudies who made sure about great rate str

A Civil Rights Movement Essay

A Civil Rights Movement EssayThere has been a lot of discussion about the 'Civil Rights Movement' that began in the South during the 1960's. I have always thought of it as a movement rather than a single event or set of events.In many ways, the Civil Rights Movement was simply the culmination of a movement that had begun during the Reconstruction Era. During the time of the Civil War, one group had resisted the laws passed by the United States government and also, slavery. During the civil war, those who had fought for the Confederacy were also fighting against the same set of laws passed by the United States government. It was at this time that many of these groups began to organize and fight for their rights.Many people will tell you that the Civil Rights Movement was as much for the African Americans then as it is now. That statement, however, is not entirely true. There were white men who were willing to stand up against the injustices being done to the African Americans.These sa me white men had, however, helped with the Civil Rights Movement by supporting the movement. Many of them were also involved in other movements during the time period, as well.Another thing that must be said about the Civil Rights Movement is that it was actually very short lived. As previously stated, the group that had started this movement had also been in rebellion against the United States government for several years.The Civil Rights Movement did indeed end after President Kennedy was assassinated. However, the effects of the Movement on America were there from the beginning. For example, when we look at African Americans today, we are seeing more people being in the United States illegally.In other words, the Civil Rights Movement did affect America at the time. However, what changed in America was the realization that African Americans should be treated as equals. This idea is something that has since spread throughout the world and is certainly here to stay.

Essay on Centralia Number 5 Disaster Approaches - 1078 Words

From February 7, 1942 to the deaths of 111 miners on March 25, 1947, Centralia Number 5 was a disaster waiting to happen. So many things could have been done that were not. Scanlans first report on February 7, 1942 was a premonition of the disaster to come. Scanlan as an inspector should have and could have done more to prevent this tragedy. This paper will discuss the four measures that Scanlan could have taken to avoid the catastrophe that resulted in so many deaths. The Clock Begins: The Choices Available Life is unpredictable. So many things that happen are beyond mans control. However, Centralia Number 5 was not one of them. This incident was a calamity waiting to happen. There were several points along this path of†¦show more content†¦Scanlans decision not to close down the mine is a reflection of what happens when mock bureaucracies become the norm. Scanlans based his decision not to close down the mine on the assumption that the Director would reopen the mine and fire or replace him with a more reasonable inspector. In government one of the first things a person learns, is to follow the chain of command. Your supervisor is not the last step, but the starting point. When a supervisor fails to perform, their legal, ethical, or moral duty, the next step in the chain is to report him or her to their supervisor and so on. Scanlan started using the chain of command and then stopped. When his initial attempts met with failure, as a public administrator, Scanlan had a duty to protect and ensure the enforcement of state laws. When his reports went unanswered, he allowed political bias to prevent him from doing the right thing. The saddest part [ about coal mining safety] is that in many instances the bias takes the form of concealing or glossing over unsafe conditions or practices (Harrington, 1926, p. 97). As a public administrator, Scanlan had the duty and obligation to make sure his reports went to correct person. If this meant hand delivering them, then he should have done so. Following the chain of command goes hand in hand with being an activeShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Theory Integrative Term Project: Concepts and Applications8159 Words   |  33 Pagesneeded, to facilitate a consistent and orderly method towards change. Rijal, S. (2012). Leadership Style and Organizational Culture in Learning Organization: A Comparative Study. International Journal of Management amp; Information Systems, 14(5), 119-128. Rijal’s focus in this article is the importance and prevalence of a strong leadership style and culture transformation, in order for an organization to become a learning organization and remain strong amidst environmental uncertainty.

Essay about Is Hamlet Mad or Mad in Craft - 1123 Words

Is Hamlet Mad or Mad in Craft? Madness is defined as the state of being mentally ill or having extremely foolish behavior. It is a condition in which is difficult to identify whether it is true or not. In William Shakespeares masterpiece, Hamlet, there is confusion as to whether or not his madness is real. The ghost of his father asks Hamlet to avenge his death. While he tries to accomplish this, he puts on an antic disposition. The antic disposition reoccurs throughout the play, but is merely an act. Hamlet is mad in craft because he admits that he is not mad several times, he behaves irrational only in front of certain individuals, and he has many feigned actions. From the very start, the ghost of Hamlet’s father tells him that†¦show more content†¦He acts irrational only when he is around certain individuals. He acts irrational around Polonius, Claudius, Gertrude Rosencrantz, Guildenstern and Ophelia but remains calm and rational around Horatio, Marcellus, and the players. A big part of the play is when Hamlet lashes out at Ophelia and convinces her he has actually gone mad. â€Å"With a look so piteous in purport as if he had been loosed out of hell to speak of horrors...Then he let out a sigh so piteous and profound as it did seem to shatter all his bulk and end his being† (2.1.84-97). This single action brings tremendous tension and makes Polonius immediately believe that Hamlet has gone mad because of his love for his daughter. On the other hand, Hamlet can be rational just as much as a sane person. Give him heedful note, for I mine eyes will rivet his face, and, after, we will both our judgments join in censure of his seeming† (3.2.83-86). Hamlet tells Horatio to watch Claudius during the play to see if he acts guilty. The fact that he thought this out in such an organized and clear way makes it hard to believe that he is mad because a madman would never be able to think like that. Hamlet also knows how to act properly around the players. An example of this is when he asks, You could, for a need, study a speech of some dozen or sixteen lines, which I would set down and insert in t, could you not?† (2.2.540-542). This question is understandable andShow MoreRelatedMadness; Real or Fake?747 Words   |  3 Pagesfamous philosopher Aristotle. There have been times in history where madness has been faked, and many times the mad person was caught, but, it is also not impossible to fake madness. This is shown in the tragic history of Hamlet written by William Shakespeare, where the title character’s madness is definitely faked. Hamlet is a genius who uses madness to develop his id ea of revenge. Hamlet has admitted to faking it, not once, but twice. He also has control over his madness, being able to switch fromRead MoreHamlet by William Shakespeare656 Words   |  3 Pageswrote Hamlet. The play is divided into six acts and is set in medieval Denmark. It is about Hamlet’s revenge on his uncle, Claudius, for murdering his father. Hamlet is widely considered one of Shakespeare’s greatest achievements; hundreds of theories have been spawned over the past four centuries. However, one of the most interesting aspects is the psychology behind it. There is plenty of psychological depth behind Hamlet’s madness. One could easily argue that Hamlet isn’t actually mad. HamletRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare1039 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeare s The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark is a play that will forever be recognized as a staple piece in classic literature. The play was focused around Hamlet, a man betray ed by his Uncle. Hamlets father, who was the King of Denmark passed away and his Uncle (father s brother) took his place. There is a notorious argument among the readers of this tragedy of whether or not Hamlet actually became insane after his fathers death or was just bluffing. Hamlet was not crazy. No one wouldRead MoreEssay on Hamlets Antic Disposition1487 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeares famous tragedy Hamlet, the main character of the story is one majestically elaborated, aside from being quite complex. There are infinite volumes written about this character because Shakespeare leaves no firm proof of many of his character traits. Yet on Hamlets antic disposition, meaning his obviously absurd temperament or madness, Shakespeare leaves plenty of reason to believe that it is feigned, meaning that it is simply a ploy to help Hamlet carry out his plans for revengeRead MoreMadness In Hamlet Essay869 Words   |  4 Pagesneed of an intervention. In Shakespeares Hamlet, th e main character, Hamlet, decides to fake his own derangement in order to prove his uncle Claudius guilty of the murder of his brother, King Hamlet. To avoid anyone discovering him, he maintains his crazy act in front of his own love interest, Ophelia, perplexing her to the point of lunacy. One of the main contributors to Ophelia’s authentic madness is Hamlet’s pretense of insanity, leading to both Hamlet and Ophelia’s ultimate defeat. From theRead More The Mood Swings of Hamlet in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay768 Words   |  4 PagesThe Mood Swings of Hamlet in Shakespeares Hamlet Hamlet has mood swings as his mood changes openly throughout the play. Towards certain people he acts certain ways. Hamlet appears to act mad when he hears of his fathers murder. No one knows if his madness is a show like he says or real like it seems. It seems as if there are two Hamlets in the play. One that is sensitive and an ideal prince and the insane uncivilized Hamlet, who from an outburst of passion and rage slays Polonius withRead MoreHamlet Madness In Hamlet1293 Words   |  6 Pages When reading Shakespeare’s Hamlet as a class, the first thing that most teachers or professors point out is the argument/idea of sanity, specifically Hamlets sanity. I believe that Hamlet is, in fact, feigning his madness. What I do not know is if I believe this because it is what I was taught or if I came up with the idea myself based on my own interpretation. When I was taught Hamlet there was no argument it was just fact that he was faking his madness. Because of my confusion, I came to findRead MoreAnalysis Of William Shakespeare s Hamlet 1174 Words   |  5 Pagesown child. 2. Hamlet s behavior is likely part of his plan to put an antic character on. He knows that by acting crazy around someone who knows him well, he will be able to establish his act. In her report of his behavior she explains that everything about Hamlet s behavior was completely different from his normal self. First of all, he never actually spoke a word, but instead just looked at her in a kind odd, intense way. He holds her hard and shakes her a little bit. Hamlet was disorderedRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Hamlet 918 Words   |  4 Pages Hamlet In the play Hamlet is about Prince Hamlet, The son of the deceased king and widowed queen Gertrude is told by the ghost his late father that his brother Claudius, now king and married to the Queen killed him. Prince Hamlet’s statement, â€Å"Frailty, thy woman† made is because he believes women are weak creatures. He is specifically very mad at his mother for marrying his uncle within a few months of his father death. Hamlet referring to women as being frailRead MoreThe Pretended Madness of Hamlet in Hamlet Essay761 Words   |  4 PagesIn Shakespeare’s Hamlet, the main character Hamlet is believed to have gone insane after the death of his father. There is much evidence in the play that causes one to believe that Hamlet is in fact crazy. However, there are also indications to the contrary, Hamlet only feigns madness for the purpose of carrying out his mission. He rehearses his pretend madness first with Ophelia for even if he fails to convince her , th at failure would not cause him any harm. The language he uses is clearly

Essay on How Love Is Represented in Romeo and Juliet free essay sample

Comparing noughts and crosses by Malorie Blackman to Romeo and Juliet Noughts and Crosses is reminiscent of Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet. Noughts amp; Crosses is a modern-day tale set in an alternative world where you are either a Cross with dark skin or a nought with white skin. It is a book about race, power and truth. In this book Sephy (Persephone) is a cross and Callum her best friend and soon to be lover Callum is a nought In some ways the book is very similar to Romeo and Juliet. For example Sephy (Persephone) has a close relationship with her mother’s secretary Sarah. This links with Romeo and Juliet because Juliet had a close bond with her nurse and in some ways Sarah is like a nurse to her. One scene that really emphasises this is when Callum sneaks into Sephy’s room and they sleep together. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay on How Love Is Represented in Romeo and Juliet or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the morning Sarah covers for her by kicking Callum’s trainers under the bed and out of her mother’s sight. She generally knew what she was doing because she said â€Å"get Callum dressed and out of here†. In Romeo and Juliet the nurse covers for Juliet when the same scenario occurs in the play. Juliets relationship with the nurse is very warm. It is the nurse who cares for Juliet when she is sick, who sits on her bed and holds her hand when Juliet is afraid, who helps her get dressed for parties. Sarah although maybe not quite as close as Juliet and her nurse has a very similar relationship with Sephy in Noughts and Crosses. Another example is how noughts and crosses are perceived as such rivals. In accordance to Romeo and Juliet with the Capulet’s and Montages the same rivalry occurs. Being in love with someone from the other side is seen as unfeasible. What also is interesting is that both books/plays and both sets of main characters choose to go against this and as a consequence end up paying a harsh price for their mistakes. In more detail this means that Callum was eventually hung for his love for Sephy and because the courts were convinced he had raped her. In Romeo and Juliet they both end up dying. Romeo drinks poison and Juliet stabs herself with a dagger. Another example is how Juliet loves her mother in a dutiful daughter way but they do not have a warm, close relationship. She respects her mother, and wants to live up to her mothers expectations. This is like Sephy’s relationship with her mother. Because her mother is a raging alcoholic she admired her as a mother but never really felt that emotionally connected with her. Another example is Lord Capulets response to Juliets disobedience is so violently harsh that I began to see him as a bit of a tyrant. We see the physical aggression most prominently in the big, confrontational scene with Juliet over whether or not she will marry Paris. When Juliet refuses, Capulet screams, Out you baggage, you tallow face My fingers itch when Juliet stands up, which suggests that hes prone to physical violence. He also lashes out against the nurse and his wife. This behaviour towards Juliet is similar to Sephy’s dad when she is adamant that she wants to keep her baby. She states that his immediate reaction was to slap her across the face. This shows he is a frustrated violent person because he did not manage to get what he wanted to get. Which was to save his reputation as prime minister). He then continued to abuse her with words by calling her a â€Å"blanker’s slut†. Blanker is a bad word for nought and so implies that he no longer favours her as his loving daughter but a neglected child that threatens to ruin his career. In both stories the father is demanding an expectation from their daughters and they both do not obey. This makes these stories very similar because of the relationships with the parents which are both so detached and strained.

Product Process Matrix free essay sample

Product Process Matrix A common classification of production process structures We often classify processes based on their physical configuration, material and product flow, flexibility, and volume expectation. There are four different process types, which a manager can choose, keeping in mind the relative importance of the following attributes:- Quality, Time, Flexibility, and Cost. These are: 1. Job process 2. Batch process 3. Line process, and 4. Continuous process Job process Machining precision parts Batch process Producing a batch of textbooks Line process Auto assembly Continuous process Oil-refining process Figure 4. 7 Processes at manufacturing organizations Job process A job process creates the flexibility needed to produce a variety of products or services in significant quantities. Customization is relatively high and volume for any one product or service is low. A job process primarily organizes all like resources around itself; equipment and workers capable of certain types of work are located together. These resources process all jobs requiring that type of work. We will write a custom essay sample on Product Process Matrix or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This process choice creates jumbled flows hrough the operations as customization is high and most jobs have a different sequence of processing steps. A typical example would be a machine shop which makes components for the aerospace industry. Most parts on airplanes are made in relatively small quantities compared to iPods. Other types of common job shops are grinding, honing, jig-boring, and gear manufacturing shops. Batch process A batch process (disconnected flow processes) differs from the job process with respect to volume, variety, and quantity. The primary difference is that volumes are higher because the same or similar products or services are provided repeatedly. Another difference is that a narrower range of products and services is provided. Batch production is popular in bakeries and in the manufacture of text books, sports shoes, pharmaceutical ingredients, inks, paints and adhesives. In the manufacture of inks and paints, a technique called a colour-run is used. A colour-run is where one manufactures the lightest color first, such as light yellow followed by the next increasingly darker colour such as orange, then red and so on until reaching black and then starts over again. This minimizes the cleanup and reconfiguring of the machinery between each batch. White (by which is meant opaque paint, not transparent ink) is the only colour that cannot be used in a colour run due to the fact that a small amount of white pigment can adversely affect the medium colours. There are inefficiencies associated with batch production. The production equipment must be stopped, re-configured, and its output tested before the next batch can be produced. Time between batches is known as down time. There are several advantages of batch production; it can reduce initial capital outlay because a single production line can be used to produce several products. As shown in the example, batch production can be useful for small businesses who cannot afford to run continuous production lines Line process A line process (repetitive or discrete flow process) lies between the batch and continuous processes on the continuum; volumes are high, and products or services are standardized, which allows resources to be organized around a product or service. There are line flows, with little inventory held between perations. Each operation performs the same process over and over, with little variability in the products or services provided. The example for this process is the famous Ford Assembly Line. Continuous process A continuous process is the extreme end of high-volume, standardized production with rigid line flows. Its name derives from the way materials move through the process. Usually, the primary material, such as liquid, gas, or powder, moves without stopping through the facility. The processes seem more like separate entities than a series of connected operations. The process is often capital-intensive and operated round the clock to maximize utilization and to avoid expensive shutdowns and start-ups. This process is followed in most of the float glass industry, where glass of different thickness is processed in a continuous manner. Once the molten glass flows out of the furnace, machines work on the glass from both side, and either compress or expand it. Controlling the speed of rotation of those machines and varying them in numbers produces a glass ribbon of varying width and thickness. Continuous production presents possibilities for enhancing automation. By employing Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and other automated controls, we can reduce chances of error (thereby delays and downtime) due to human intervention. This is due to the fact that most of the jobs are routine enough and can be easily automated. So there is a lot of scope for conveyors, elevators, feeders, etc. for transporting raw materials, in process materials etc. in continuous process industries. The most important difference between batch production and continuous production is that any changes in the products properties such as color, dimensions, or quality needs to be done online. And whenever it is affected, the results can be seen only after a fixed period which can extend from a few hours to days. Machinery maintenance in case of continuous process plants calls for online maintenance which requires very high alertness and quick response times from dedicated technicians. Process Analysis: Milk Processing Example System Performance= f (System Parameters)

Cyanide Mining essays

Cyanide Mining essays On January 30, 2000, Aural Gold Plant, in Romania, spilled an estimated 3.5 million cubic feet of cyanide-contaminated waste into the Tisza River, eventually poisoning the Danube and infecting over 250 miles of rivers in Romania, Hungary, and Yugoslavia. The spill was described by Hungarian officials as Europes worst environmental disaster since the 1986 nuclear accident at Chernobyl. The Washington Post reported on Tuesday, February 15, 2000, that The cyanide spilled when heavy snow and winter rain caused holding basin[s] to overflow at the mine in northwestern Romania on the border with Hungary. A representative from Esmeralda Exploration Ltd., the Australian co-owner of the Aural Gold Plant, claimed that estimates of the damage were grossly exaggerated while the Serbian minister of forestry and water resources warned riverside residents east of Belgrade to not use the water for anything. It is unknown exactly how much damage the Aural Gold spill caused to the Tisza river syst em, though Branislav Blazic, environment minister of Serbia, commented that the Tisza is dead. This example so thoroughly denounces the safety of cyanide mining that it seems absurd that Montanans would even consider reversing the decision of I-137 and allow more cyanide to be carelessly dumped into Montanas waterways. It is not a far-fetched idea that allowing cyanide mining back into Montana will result in spills of contaminated waste given the cyanide mining industrys track record. At the Zortman-Landusky Mine 52,000 gallons of cyanide solution spilled over the course of the mines operation, poisoning the freshwater supply of Zortman, Montana. A truck carrying 2 tons of sodium cyanide crashed into the Barskoon River in Kyrgystan at the Kumtor Gold Mine causing 2600 reported poisonings and four deaths. The Cyanide Leach Mining Packet, published by D.C. based Mineral...

Analysis of Soft Drink Industry

Coca cola and PepsiCo are the major players of soft drink industry in South Africa. Coca cola dominates the market with a market capitalization of around 30 percent higher than PepsiCo’s (DAFF, 2014). Coca cola dominates the market by investing heavily into the advertising and campaigns to increase its social visibility (Statista, 2010). Coca cola’s share a coke campaign spurted the sales and market growth of the company in a diversified country like South Africa (CCRED, 2015). The company has connected with the consumer through its relationship marketing (CNB Africa, 2014). Further, there are small players who have also witnessed growth in their volume sales through their low price strategy. Further, the industry has also witnessed introduction of new flavors in the market with the increasing demand of the consumer. The soft drink companies have introduced innovative flavors to offer a wider range of products to the consumer to differentiate themselves. Other important players of the industry are red bull, mountain dew, pepsi, 7up, fanta, dr. pepper and vitamin water. Coke is the leader in terms of market share followed by red bull leads, mountain dew and pepsi. Porter’s Diamond Model provides a method to explain national competitive advantage of a country. Porter developed this model to analyze the international competitiveness of countries and evaluate how a country becomes successful in a specific industry (Porter, 2011). The model aims to evaluate the characteristics of the country in order to assess the firm’s achievements and success across the globe. The model suggests that the characteristics and attributes of the country affect the success and growth of the firm internationally. There are six elements of Porter’s National Diamond Model which assesses the national competitiveness which includes factor (input) conditions, demand conditions, government, related and supporting industries, chance and firm strategy, structure and rivalry (Porter, 2011). The home country which is taken for analysis affects the company’s strategies and provides a direction to build its structure.  Ã‚   Factor conditions account for the availability of the resources within South Africa which includes human resources, physical infrastructure, administrative infrastructure, capital resources, information infrastructure, scientific and technological infrastructure and natural resources. Human Resources: Human resource contributes towards the cost of production of soft drinks in the manufacturing process. Therefore, the factors to be considered are cost, quality and availability of unskilled labor, cost, quality and availability of skilled labor, administration cost for management of skilled labors and merchandising cost. South Africa has abundance of unskilled labor but the production cost is constraining the competitiveness because of unavailability of quality skilled labor and high cost of labor in South Africa (The Economist, 2014).   Physical infrastructure: South Africa lacks the quality and availability of proper physical infrastructure facilities which are required by the industry (Deloitte, 2013). Physical infrastructure is very essential for the set up of production process and operational process, thus, lack of a physical infrastructure would be a hindrance for the entrance of the company.    Administrative infrastructure: The cost of administrative infrastructure is very high in South Africa which would adversely affect the company (Rooyen, Esterhuizen & Stroebel, 2011). Administrative set up is again an importance parameter for the long term sustainability of the firm. Capital resources: Capital resources such as loans and finance are very essential to set up the company operations in a foreign market. South Africa lacks sufficient capital resources which would hinder the establishment of the company (Rooyen, Esterhuizen & Stroebel, 2011).   Information infrastructure: Information regarding the markets and suppliers are required to enter any new market so as to analyze the market favorable conditions and cost of production. The cost of information infrastructure is very high in South Africa (Rooyen, Esterhuizen & Stroebel, 2011). Scientific and technological infrastructure: The cost of technology is very high and constrains the growth of soft drinks industry. The quality of the scientific infrastructure does not have a great impact on the industry but it is not easily available in the country (Rooyen, Esterhuizen & Stroebel, 2011). Natural resources: The natural resources are present in South Africa, though not in abundant quantity, but support the production of the soft drinks (Rooyen, Esterhuizen & Stroebel, 2011). Thus, the overall factor conditions do not provide a great support to the soft drink industry in South Africa. The demand conditions indicate the need and requirement of the company’s product or service in the country which include market demand and size, potential market and overall market growth and sophistication. Market size of South Africa does not support the industry and constraints the industry. The market growth would help to analyze the future perspective of the industry. The market growth has been estimated to grow at a CAGR of 3.8 percent during 2016-2021 which would support the company. The market information is easily available for South African market with low cost and great quality. The quality of products also supports the soft drink industry in the country with the increasing average income of the people in the country (Toit, 2006). Also, South Africa is one the most sophisticated market in the African continent which positively affects the industry. The demand conditions favor the company to enter the market of South Africa because of estimated market growth for the next few years and availability of the market information. Related and supporting industries provide the existence to the industry through cost-effective processes, innovation and internationalization. Soft drinks industry requires suppliers and partners for packaging and bottling of the soft drinks. Financial institutions presence provides capital sources to the industry, which is present in the country. The presence of financial institutions supports the ongoing operations in the soft drinks industry. The research institutions support the development of new products as per the customer demand. The presence of research institutions in South Africa supports for research and development activity within the industry. South Africa also has abundance of transport companies to ensure proper logistics and transportation of the soft drinks and carry out the supply chain activities effectively. The other basic necessities such as electricity are also available in South Africa to support the day to day operations of the industry. The suppliers for soft drink industry are also present in the country to support the bottling and other related processes of manufacturing and production. Thus, related and supporting industries support the soft drink industry in South Africa. This factor assesses the parameters of company which includes their goals and objectives, management and structure, policies and regulations. The presence of competitive firms also affects the industry because it triggers product innovation for the sustainability of the firm. The soft drink industry has many players in South Africa such as Coca cola, pepsi, mountain dew, red bull, fanta and others. This creates tough competition within the industry which has led to the invention of innovative products such as flavored soft drinks. South Africa’s sound legal system and strong investor and property protection supports the existence of soft drinks industry in the country by providing them the land and infrastructure for the manufacturing and production of the soft drinks. Further, South Africa has a great connectivity with the international markets which is again a positive influence on the industry (South African Consulate General, 2017). Restriction on capital flow and strong labor union is also a positive influence on the strategy of the firm. Though, there is a threat of substitutes and new entrants because of emerging small players in the soft drink industry who have introduced flavor drinks to provide a substitute of the soft drinks. Thus, overall factors have a positive influence on the strategy, structure and rivalry of the companies in the country. The government support has a strong influence on the sustainability of the firms of soft drinks because a government can either promote or hinder the activities of the firms. The government decisions and policies affect the consumer demand of the country which affects the overall industrial growth. PESTEL analysis would clarify the impact of government on soft drink industry. South Africa is going through political crisis because of corruption allegations charged on the country’s President Jacob Zuma. Further, the Finance Minister has filed an affidavit regarding some suspicious transactions (Gaffey, 2016). These events have destabilized the country which affects the businesses very adversely. Further, the soft drink industry is affected by the country’s demography because consumption of soft drink is high for children and youngsters. South Africa has 30 percent younger population below the age of 15 which influences the soft drink business positively (Statistics South Africa, 2014). South Africa is facing an economic crisis with decreasing currency rates. The Reserve Bank is intentionally keeping the currency low which is affecting the environment for businesses. The economic scenario of the country is effecting the business decision of the companies such as expansion of the business has become a costly affair with a high exchange rate (The World Bank, 2017). Thus economic instability of the country adversely affects the business operations of the companies of soft drink industry. The decreasing currency of the country has an impact on the buying capacity of the people of South Africa. Further, increasing unemployment has also lowered the demand in the country. Though, the country has become more sophisticated with the social upliftment of society and people are moving towards living high standards of life. This is a positive factor for the soft drink industry, but there is also a tension of rising obesity and overweight in the country. Obesity and overweight leads to diseases such as cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The cause of these diseases has been found to be sugared drinks which lead to obesity and excess weight. Therefore, the socio-cultural factors give us a mixed opinion about the soft drink industry. The soft drinks contain added sugar and preservatives which affects the health of the consumers and leads to obesity and other health issues. The rising obesity in the country has forced the government to take some preventive action to reduce the consumption of carbonated drinks (Business Tech, 2015). The government has imposed sugar tax on the sugared products which adversely affects the soft drinks industry (Rensburg, 2016). Further, the government is also taking measures such as food advertising regulations and enhanced food labeling to reduce the consumption of soft drinks. Chance is the risk factor for an industry which is beyond the control of the firm. This includes economic and political stability, aids, price stability and crimes. The economy of the South Africa has seen ups and downs in the recent years. The country’s political stability has a positive influence on the sustainability of the company. The country has a record of high crime rate which affects the overall growth of the company. Further, there is no aid and support in case of any war or conflict in the country. Thus, there is a great amount of risk involved for the soft drink industry in South Africa because of unstable economy and rising crimes. A company can enter a market through non-equity mode or equity mode. Non-equity mode is through licensing, exporting and contracting. Equity mode is also called foreign direct investment (FDI) method which involves merging and acquisition with the established businesses in the market (Dunning & Gugler, 2008). The company makes investment by acquiring the assets of the company to establish its control or substantial influence over the business. As per the guidelines of the OECD acquiring a minimum of 10 percent ownership stake is required by the company (Dunning & Gugler, 2008. Joint venture and wholly owned subsidiary are the two different methods for a company for foreign direct investment. Joint venture is the collaboration of two business parties by pooling their resources to pursue a common objective. JV formation is the common strategy used by the companies to enter a foreign established market to expand their business operations internationally. Joint venture gives access to th e existing sales and distribution network of the country (Prescott & Swartz, 2010). SoftBev is a local soft drink of South Africa and has established a strong hold over the market through market penetration. The company’s capital is approximately R650m after merging with a local player (Drink Stuff, 2014). The company has its own production plant in South Africa and is manufactured and packaged locally. Further, it provides quality products and services to its customers (Softbev, 2016). The company could form a joint venture by partnering with the local manufacturer Softbev brand to establish its strong hold over the market. The company would benefit by partnering with the local company in terms of accessibility of market. The company would gain an access to the domestic market from the distribution network of the SoftBev. The company would be able to establish a trust factor among the consumers by partnering with a local firm because SoftBev has already established its own trust in the market. Further, the company would also gain access to the domestic suppliers which would assist the company to set up its own production operations in the country to maintain its sustainability. The company could gradually start its own production house once it has gained access to the market suppliers and distributors. Thus, the company would benefit from the partnership with the domestic firm. Green field investment is another mode of foreign direct investment through which a company builds up its entire operations from the ground in the foreign company. The company has the complete control over the business from plant construction to employee policy and regulations the specifications are laid out by the company (Shenkar, Luo, & Chi, 2014). Acquisition is another FDI strategy in which company acquires certain shares of the company to establish substantial control over the company (Bruner, 2016). It is better to understand the advantages of FDI for the company and the country before taking any step to make a major investment. The benefits of FDI are enjoyed after a long period by capturing the new market and accessing cheaper production facilities. The company and country both enjoy the benefits mutually wherein the country benefits from the transfer of technology and expertise from an advanced country. Joint venture formation with SoftBev would give access to the local market resources of South Africa (Brand South Africa, 2011). The company would gain through market penetration and establish its own market. Further, through a joint venture with SoftBev, the company would enjoy the existing distribution network of SoftBev in South Africa. The companies forming a JV would complement each other by offsetting each other’s weaknesses and forming a stronger company by maintaining their individual identities (Trost, 2013). The Green field investment strategy would help the company to reduce its transportation cost by setting up its own production plant in South Africa (CFO Africa, 2016). The tariff barriers would also be eliminated from the cost of product which would increase the firm’s profitability (Lee & Rugman, 2012). Through mergers and acquisition with SoftBev, the company would get an opportunity to gather the information on the domestic markets of South Africa. The company would now be able to develop strategies to tap the local market by gaining better insight of the existing market (Finkelstein, 2010). It becomes difficult for a firm to roll back its process and projects after deploying Green field investment in the country and can also be financially devastating. Green field investment also demands huge amount of money and time for the research and development process to evaluate the feasibility of entering the foreign market (Shenkar, Luo, & Chi, 2014). Acquisition process requires borrowing of money which increases the company debts. Culture clash is another disadvantage of acquiring a company (Finkelstein, 2010). Formation of a joint venture is time consuming because it takes time to build a relationship with another business entity such. The goals and objectives in a JV are also not clearly communicated which affects the productivity of work (Trost, 2013). JV formation with SoftBev would disturb the balancing the level of expertise within the company by partnering with another business unit. Integrating two different business units is a challenging job because of different management and leadership styles incorporated within the company (Trost, 2013). A successful joint venture would require deep research and analysis of the goals and objectives of the company. After, thoroughly analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of FDI, following can be concluded: Green field investment would require huge amount of money and time for research and development to evaluate the feasibility. Further, setting up operations in a foreign country from the ground level becomes very challenging. Acquisition would also not be a wise choice because it would increase the liability of the company and checking the financial security and credibility of a firm would again waste huge amount of time. The company needs a strategy which does not require investment of money, manpower and time and also has an exit strategy to refrain from future risks. Though Joint Venture also has some disadvantages but is the most preferred option for the company to expand its business internationally. The company could go for a joint venture with one of the local firm which has been analyzed as SoftBev. SoftBev is one of the largest firms of South Africa and has a huge consumer base. Joint venture formation with SoftBev would give access to the local market resources of South Africa (Brand South Africa, 2011). The company would gain through market penetration and establish its own market. Further, through a joint venture with SoftBev, the company would enjoy the existing distribution network of SoftBev in South Africa. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that the company chooses Joint Venture with the local firm of South Africa which has been identified as SoftBev. After a thorough analysis of the soft drink industry in South Africa, there are two contemporary management issues which have been derived. Unfavorable factor conditions: Factor conditions would support the growth of the company by providing human resources, infrastructure, technology, information and natural resources. South Africa has abundance of unskilled labor, but does not have sufficient skilled labor, which is essential for production process. Further, the cost of administrative labor is too high. Unavailability of the human resources would increase the overall cost of production. South Africa also lacks physical infrastructure facilities which would not support the establishment of production and operational processes in the country. The high cost of administration, information and technology would hinder the development of the company in the country. The unfavorable factor conditions would not support the establishment of the company’s production and operational processes. If the company plans to set up its operations in the country then the high cost of production and administration would hinder the overall growth of the company. FDI may seem to be a lucrative choice for the company but there are many risks involved in foreign direct investment. First of all, selection of a FDI methodology is a costly affair because it would involve research and analysis of all the methodologies. Once the methodology has been selected, then selecting the appropriate local partner would be very challenging. The company needs to choose the right partner who has the required resources that would complement the company’s resources. The resources for a soft drink industry are distribution network and market accessibility, production facilities and manpower (Yan & Luo, 2016). The next thing that company needs to access is the performance of JV partner and their perception about collaboration. Further, the company needs to check the financial security of the partner to analyze the credit issues of the JV partner. The management practices also need to be reviewed by the company. Reviewing the production and marketing performance would help to analyze the market credibility of the joint venture partner (Yan & Luo, 2016). The company also needs to consider an exit strategy in order to protect company once the mission is achieved. The terms and conditions need to be considered by each firm to avoid any misunderstanding in the future. Greenfield investment would again be a costly affair because setting up operations in a new country requires research and analysis to create suppliers and distributing partners. Brand South Africa. (2011). South Africa ‘has investment advantage’. Brand South Africa: Official Custodian of South Africa’s Nation Brand. Retrieved from: https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/investments-immigration/business/investing/sainnvestment-030611 Bruner, R.F. (2016). Applied Mergers and Acquisitions. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. Business Tech. (2015). Soft drinks and juices lead the way to obesity in SA. Business Tech. Retrieved from: https://businesstech.co.za/news/lifestyle/107483/soft-drinks-and-juices-lead-the-way-to-obesity-in-sa/ Business Tech. (2015). South Africa’s sugary drinks shock. Business Tech. Retrieved from: https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/102895/south-africa-is-one-of-the-unhealthiest-countries-in-the-world/ CCRED. (2015). Reflection on the Coca-Cola Bottling Merger. Centre for Competition Regulation and Economic Development. Retrieved from: https://www.competition.org.za/review/2015/11/20/reflection-on-the-coca-cola-bottling-merger CFO Africa. (2016). What are the advantages of investing in South Africa?. CFO Africa. Retrieved from: https://www.cfoafrica.net/advantages-of-investing-in-south-africa.html CNB Africa. (2014). Brand marketing starts with consumer. CNB Africa. Retrieved from: https://www.cnbcafrica.com/news/southern-africa/2014/01/06/brand-marketing-starts-with-consumer/ DAFF. (2014). Quarterly Economic Review of the Food and Beverages industry in South Africa. Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. Vol 1(3). Retrieved from: https://www.nda.agric.za/doaDev/sideMenu/AgroProcessingSupport/docs/Quarterly%20review%20food%20beverages_Jul-Sep2014.pdf Deloitte. (2013). Enhancing Manufacturing competitiveness in South Africa. Deloitte. Retrieved from: https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/dk/Documents/manufacturing/manufacturing-competitiveness-South-africa.pdf Drink Stuff. (2014). SoftBev set to be SA's No 1 locally-owned soft drink company.Drink Stuff: South Africa. Retrieved from: https://www.drinkstuff-sa.co.za/sa-drinks-stuff/550-softbev-set-to-be-sa-s-no-1-locally-owned-soft-drink-company Dunning, J.H., & Gugler, P. (2008). Foreign Direct Investment, Location and Competitiveness. London: Elsevier. Finkelstein, S. (2010). Advances in Mergers and Acquisitions, Volume 9. UK: Emerald Group Publishing. Gaffey, C. (2016). Two major, interconnected issues have plunged South African politics into crisis. Newsweek. Retrieved from: https://europe.newsweek.com/south-africas-political-crisis-key-players-510715?rm=eu Lee, H., & Rugman, A.M. (2012). Firm-specific advantages, inward FDI origins, and performance of multinational enterprises. Journal of International Management. Vol 18(2). Retrieved from: https://www.henley.ac.uk/web/FILES/international-business-and-strategy/2012_-_JIM_-_FSAs_inward_FDI_origins_and_performance_of_MNEs_Paper.pdf Porter, M.E. (2011). Competitive Advantage of Nations:  Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. New York: Simon and Schuster. Prescott, D., & Swartz, S. (2010). Joint Ventures in the International Arena. Chicago: American Bar Association. Rensburg, D.V. (2016). Gearing up for the soda wars. City Press. Retrieved from: https://city-press.news24.com/Business/gearing-up-for-the-soda-wars-20160722 Rooyen, J.V., Esterhuizen, D., & Stroebel, L. (2011). Analyzing the Competitive Performance of the South African Wine Industry. International Food and Agribusiness Management Review. Vol 14 (4). Shenkar, O., Luo, Y., & Chi, T. (2014). International Business. New York: Routledge. Sherman, A.J. (2011). Mergers & Acquisitions from A to Z. US: AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn Smit, A.J. (2010). The competitive advantage of nations: is Porter’s Diamond Framework a new theory that explains the international competitiveness of countries?. Southern African Business Review. Vol 14 (1). Retrieved from: https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sabr/article/view/76358/66817 SoftBev. (2016). About Us. SoftBev. Retrieved from: https://softbev.com/about South African Consulate General. (2017). Why Invest in South Africa?. South African Consulate General. Retrieved from: https://www.southafricanewyork.net/consulate/why%20invest%20in%20south%20africa.html Statista. (2010). Market share of soft drink companies in South Africa in 2010, based on sales value. Statista. Retrieved from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/216906/market-share-of-soft-drink-companies-in-south-africa/ Statistics South Africa. (2014). Mid-year population estimates. Statistics South Africa. Retrieved from: https://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/P0302/P03022014.pdf The Economist. (2014). An awakening giant. The Economist. Retrieved from: https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21595949-if-africas-economies-are-take-africans-will-have-start-making-lot The World Bank. (2017). South Africa. The World Bank. Retrieved from: https://data.worldbank.org/country/south-africa Toit, A.S.A. (2006). Competitive intelligence in the knowledge economy: what is in it for South African manufacturing enterprises?. International Journal of Information Management. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Adeline_Du_Toit/publication/222747103_Competitive_intelligence_in_the_knowledge_economy_What_is_in_it_for_South_African_manufacturing_enterprises/links/00b7d52d397e94b227000000.pdf Trost, T. (2013). Joint Ventures:  The Benefits and Perils - Why Some Are Successful and Others Fail. Germany: GRIN Verlag. Yan, A., & Luo, Y. (2016). International Joint Ventures: Theory and Practice:  Theory and Practice. New York: Routledge.

Testing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Testing - Research Paper Example Test methods include, but are not restricted to, the process of using an application or program with the aim of finding software errors, bugs or other defects (Humble & Farley, 2010). Testing begins the same time as the system design. Test groundwork is carried out by a unique group to make sure that each and every element is correctly handled. Unit test is managed by the programmer who creates the code. Every programmer tests their own code. Any bug found is rectified by the programmer, and the programs are reevaluated till clean (Humble & Farley, 2010). When testing has been done to all the programs, and no error has been found, the test begins. The division of debugging from testing was originally introduced, in 1979, by Glenford Myers (Ammann & Offutt, 2008). Even if, his goal was on breakage testing ("an effective test is one that locates a bug") it demonstrates the need of the software engineering society to divide fundamental development actions, such as repairing, from that o f authentication. Concerning the periods and the diverse objectives in software testing, diverse roles have been set: manager, test lead, test designer, test analyst, tester, test administrator and automation developer. Ammann & Offutt (2008) classified the goals and phases in software testing in the following stages: Debugging oriented (1956) Demonstration oriented (1957–1978) Destruction oriented (1979–1982) Evaluation oriented (1983–1987) Prevention oriented (1988–2000) How Testing is Controlled Test control can be considered as the test management tasks needed throughout the test procedure so as to keep the testing aligned to the software development procedure, the requirements of the project, and the requirements of the firm wanting to use the software (Miller, DeCarlo & Mathur, 2004). These tasks take place as stipulated, based on the decision of the test manager, as well as other associates of the project team, and can also occur on a premeditated basis (Miller, DeCarlo & Mathur, 2004). Testing is controlled by ensuring that Software Quality Control is set up. Software Quality Control refers to a set of protocols used by companies to make sure that a software product will fulfill its quality objectives at the best value to the client, and frequently to improve the firm’s capacity to produce more software products in the future. Software quality controls are specified requirements, both functional and non-functional, such as supportability, usability and performance (Cangussu, DeCarlo & Mathur, 2002). It also refers to the capacity for software to perform effectively in unpredictable scenarios and maintain a fairly low fault rate. These premeditated procedures and requirements bring about the idea of software testing, Validation and Verification It is different from software quality assurance, which incorporates reviews of the quality management system alongside a standard. While software quality control refers to contr ol or management of products, software quality assurance, on the other hand, is a control of processes. This function checks whether or not a software project follows its premeditated procedures and processes, and that the project brings out the anticipated internal and external products (output) (Miller, DeCarlo & Mathur, 2004). Managing Creativity When managing creativity with regards to software management, it is vital to differentiate two main viewpoints: activity-level (or task-level) analysis, as well as process-level analysis. The activity-level viewpoint pertains to the issues of how pockets of creativity are typified and how they can be endorsed (Sommerville, 2006). The process-level

PUBLIC RELATIONS PLAN Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

PUBLIC RELATIONS PLAN - Essay Example Though we have already come a long way in such a short time, to the point that we are already at the top of our league, we believe that this is still not yet the end of the road. As long as we are rising up, we are gaining more time to live and grow. There is so much to do and still many roads to take. There are still a lot of orders to deliver and cakes to invent. Moreover, our world is growing large, leaving us with a lot of areas to explore. Our expansion program which concerns growing weed killer resistant wheat crop in Derbyshire is a type of road that is put forth to us, and it is up to us whether or not to take it. It is entirely a different league compared to what we have been doing these past six years. During those times, our world is only limited in the kitchen, accepting orders and baking different kinds of fresh and delicious cakes. We never ventured outside our comfort zone until this point. Thus, there are a series of things that we need to consider in order to make sure we are making the right move. Major Issues Involved In this bold move of the company, there are a lot of areas that should be tackled. Covering these issues is important especially since this an expansion program is a novel venture for our company. Some of the major issues are the following: 1. The location where the wheat shall be grown. 2. The land where the wheat shall be planted. 3. The reaction of the Derbyshire locals regarding weed killer-resistant wheat.

On the Edge, with Sight Essay -- Art Paintings Artist Essays

On the Edge, with Sight I have kept for twenty years a tattered and stained copy of a Matt Groenig cartoon entitled â€Å"How to be an Artist in Torment.†The cartoon asks if you were sickly, peculiar, alienated, or picked on as a child and, if so, did that make you feel superior? Another cell catalogs the requisite psychological impediments of the creative personality—rage, confusion, and self- doubt—and describes the proper look to emulate: an â€Å"overall postpunk neobeatnik semidisheveled drab yet hip look.†The cartoon portrays the artist’s studio companions as lice and rats. Finally, it asks if you are thin and exhausted from staying up nights fretting over an idea, or in a related vein, â€Å"Can drugs really be considered art supplies?† What Groenig laughingly and lovingly describes is the romantic stereotype known in France as les peintres maudits, or â€Å"accursed painters.† It’s a syndrome, however, that extends easily to writers, musicians, and performers. Art historian Douglas Hall describes the four key attributes of the doomed creative genius: alienation, poverty, weakness, and brilliance—the latter being essential if one is not to pass into historical obscurity. The twentieth century is littered with such talented and troubled souls: Jim Morrison, Jackson Pollack, Dylan Thomas, Warhol, Judy Garland, and Van Gogh. Yet the uncontested high priest of the syndrome is Amedeo Modigliani. Modigliani was an expatriate Italian painter living in the bohemian quarters of Paris during the decades before and during World War I. Art historian Doris Krystof provides a tantalizing picture of Modigliani’s life in Paris: His few friends and many acquaintances called him â€Å"Modi,† which appears at first to be merely a shortening of his surname, ... ...tion at the Bellagio Hotel in Las Vegas. Marsha Tackett December 7, 2002 References â€Å"Amedeo Modigliani† Olga’s Gallery [On-line]. 1 Nov 2002. Available: http://www.abcgallery.com/M/modigliani/modiglianibio.html â€Å"Amedeo Modigliani† WebMuseum, Paris [On-line]. 5 Nov 2002. Available: http://www.oir.ucf.edu/wm/paint/auth/modigliani Hall, D. (1990). Modigliani. New York:Watson-Guptill Krystof, D. (2000). Amedeo Modigliani: The Poetry of Seeing, Koln, Germany: Taschen. Kruszynski, A. (1998). â€Å"Amedeo Modigliani: Portrait of Paul Guillaume.† In L. Lumpkin (ed.), The Bellagio Gallery of Fine Art: Impressionist and Modern Masters(pp. 91-98). Las Vegas: Mirage Resorts, Incorporated. Lucie-Smith, E. (n.d.). â€Å"Lives of the Great 20th-Centry Artists† (excerpt). The Artchive [On-line] 1 Nov 2002. Available: http://www.artchive.com/artchive/M/modigliani.html

Module 1: unit 3

Some of the Calgary Organizations that support a healthy living and lifestyle include the Alex Community Health Centre, Cochrane Canada Family and Community Support Services, the Calgary Foundation, Volunteer Calgary, Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) Calgary, and. Several of these non-governmental organizations (NGO’s) can come forward together and have a great impact on the health of the school children of Calgary.   They could form a network that promotes health and well-being of school children, bring about growth and development, and encourage learning through school-based programs. Each of these organizations could concentrate on individual issues that could be involving the school children.   The school authorities should organize periodic meetings to ensure that the programs initiated are going on the right track, problems are solved appropriately through discussion, and future plans are initiated. Many of these organizations are planning a comprehensive health program for the school children that would function in coordination with education and mental development.   This would ensure complete mental, physical and social development of the child at the school (like a holistic approach). YMCA Calgary is providing healthcare to school children during school hours and also after school, in partnership with the school management.   Besides, school children can utilize their play settings in various parts of the Calgary, and can improve their language skills for those whose first language is not English.   The other activities that are provided include letter writing, team building, field initiative, etc.   These activities and services would ensure comprehensive exposure of the child to a positive environment.   The YMCA has applied a more holistic form of approach, which seems to be very effective. Such programs have ensured that rapid progress is made in the status of the child following institution of health programs.   Many initiatives have been made by the voluntary organization in coordination with the school authorities and the Government.   Several indicators (variables used to monitor the health status) have been defined and studied often in school children that would suggest their health status.   Through these variables, the heath status of school children can be improved. Efforts are on to include sexual education and information of HIV/AIDS to school children.   In this way, the transmission of HIV/AIDS has reduced to some extent in schools. The voluntary organizations also made an initiative at reducing drug abuse in schools through education.   This has led to a significant drop in drug consumption in schools. References: Canadian Association for School Health â€Å"Introduction.† 2007. Communities and Schools Promoting Health. 29 Jan. 2007. Safe Healthy Schools. â€Å"Canadian School Health Knowledge Network Knowledge Matters.† 2007. Communities and Schools Promoting Health. 29 Jan. 2007. http://www.safehealthyschools.org/CSH_Knowledge_Network_Intro.htm Safe Healthy Schools. â€Å"The CSH NGO Network.† 2007. Communities and Schools Promoting Health. 29 Jan. 2007. http://www.safehealthyschools.org/CSH_NGO.htm YMCA. â€Å"Out of School Care.† YMCA Calgary. 2007. Child Care. 29 Jan. 2007. http://www.ymcacalgary.org/comm/childcare.htm YMCA. â€Å"YMCA Language Instruction for Newcomers to Canada (LINC).† YMCA Calgary. 2007. Education Enrichment. 29 Jan. 2007. http://www.ymcacalgary.org/comm/education_enrichment.htm         

Expect the Unexpected - 1898 Words

Expect the Unexpected What thoughts come to mind when you think of â€Å"The Lottery?† Positive thoughts including money, a new home, excitement, and happiness are all associated with the lottery in most cases. However, this is not the case in Shirley Jackson’s short story, â€Å"The Lottery†. Here, the characters in the story are not gambling for money, instead they are gambling for their life. A shock that surprises the reader as she unveils this horrifying tradition in the village on this beautiful summer day. This gamble for their life is a result of tradition, a tradition that is cruel and inhumane, yet upheld in this town. Shirley Jackson provides the reader’s with a graphic description of violence, cruelty, and inhumane treatment which†¦show more content†¦Jackson uses the three-legged stool to symbolize the past, present, and future which directly relates to the horrific ritual that started seventy-two years ago, continues today, and the possibility for c hange in the future. Just as Jackson uses the black box as a symbol for a need to change something that is old and worn out, Jackson indicates that there are a few people that feel the tradition is old and needs to be changed. The Adams’ comments â€Å"†¦ that over in the north village they’re talking of giving up the lottery,† and that, â€Å"some places have already quit lotteries† (Jackson 256). While Mr. Adams expresses an interest in change, old man Warner replies, â€Å"Nothing but trouble in that† (Jackson 256). He is unwilling to change, bound to the belief that the harvest is dependent on holding the ritual. The reader is led to believe that most of the villagers are against sacrificing an individual in their village each year but in reality, because of a sense of tradition, hypocrisy, and fear of going against the leaders in the village; they continue to conform to the traditions of the lottery. Critics, such as Brian Francoeur, credit Jackson with attempting to demonstrate individuals who blindly obey authority and continuing to do things just because they are tradition. He points out that the people in the village don’t even stop to think about why they are killing somebody and remarks that Jackson’s moral in this short story is to point out thatShow MoreRelatedLiterary Analysis: The Fault in Our Stars Essay738 Words   |  3 Pagesmany hidden meanings. One of the most overlooked and obscured meanings being unexpected events. More specifically, John Green will lead the reader on to one thing before throwing them a curveball. Green uses his knowledge of symbolism, imagery, diction, and metaphors to build on this idea. To begin, John Green uses what seems to be his favorite writing tool, symbolism, in order to push his overall theme of unexpected events. He often refers to the unlit cigarette between Augustus’s lips (20)Read MoreThe Loss Of A Family766 Words   |  4 Pagespoint I comprehend that death will eventually arrive to claim her body. I, like many in the family have made peace with this we accept it. We never want to see a loved one go, but at times we are ready we expect it. I feel that the deaths that are the hardest to get over are the ones we don’t expect. For example the loss of a child, or a young person due to an accident, a death due to drug use, a murder, a person suffering from a mental illness and so on. On June 12, 2016 there was a mass shootingRead MoreAnalysis OfTuft Of Flowers, And Home Burial970 Words   |  4 Pagessudden and unexpected inevitably leading to new perceptions of the world, new values and understandings of ourselves and others. They can occur at the most unforeseen moments when we least expect it. For me it was the other day when I was cleaning my bedroom and unexpectedly stumbled across old photos of friends and family. So how did this change my perspective in life? Well it made me realise how much ,my life has changed as people come and go. It brought my attention that when we least expect it weRead MoreThe Crime Of The Criminal Justice Field892 Words   |  4 Pagesalways expect the unexpected, and prepare yourself for worse case scenarios. In the text â€Å"Criminal Justice in Action† the authors give an example of the unexpected. â€Å"Sergeant Gary Morales pulled over a driver for a traffic violation. At some point during the stop, the suspected gr abbed a gun that was hidden in the car and opened fire on Morales, killing him† (p. 191). Since there is no such thing as a â€Å"routine† traffic stop (Gaines p.191), police officers do not always know what to expect. If youRead MoreEssay on Capital Asset Pricing Model913 Words   |  4 PagesAssignment Assignment: 1. 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Matheson uses these techniques in order to convey the message that even though our nature makes us reluctant to adjust to change, we mist free ourselves to adapt or else we becomeRead MoreCulture Shock By Peter L. Berger990 Words   |  4 Pagesknow how to act or do. It is out of the person’s comfort zone and to try to fit and feel included in society, once must first face the uncertainty of how the unknown culture acts like. When the sociologist looks closely at these things, he finds unexpected motives, outcomes , things that might have not been realized. Therefore, culture shock can occur frequently every day due to the fact that everywhere in the world, including America has distinguishable outcomes that belong to other cultures. ExamplesRead MoreThe Measure Results Of The Data Sets906 Words   |  4 Pagesand royalties paid to songwriters and performers. We would expect that holding all else constant; one million dollar increase in MR will increase VMD by 1.36 million U.S. dollars. The coefficient for PCDI is 0.66. It is calculated based on income earned from all sources including wages, government transfers, and others, minus taxes, savings and some non-tax payments and dividing by the total U.S. population (IBISWorld, 2015). We would expect that holding all else constant; one million dollar increaseRead MoreQuestions On Arbitrage Pricing Theory1493 Words   |  6 PagesFurthermore, many of these studies conducted expected versus unexpected. Therefore, deviation from the mean model also has been considered. Furthermore, structural breakdown â€Å"Expected dividends will be affected by anything, which influences cash flows. Changes in industrial production would influence profits and hence dividends. Fama (1981) finds a correlation between stock market returns and future growth rate of output. Unexpected inflation would influence nominal expected cash flows as wellRead MoreRichard Muhlfeld s His Quintet For Clarinet, 2 Violins, Viola, And Cello1298 Words   |  6 Pageschamber music repertoire. By writing his Quintet for the specific clarinetist Richard Mà ¼hlfeld’s artistic brilliance, and by taking musical liberties with conventional forms and expectations, Brahms crafts the intimacy and seriousness one has come to expect from chamber music. Towards the end of his life, Brahms had intended on retiring from composing. Around 1891, the Meiningen orchestra, with whom Richard Mà ¼hlfeld held his career with, frequently featured Brahms’s music at well known festivals in