Austria 17th 18th centuries essays

3 Steps to Acing Your Upcoming Group Interview You’ve been approached in for a board meet. Perhaps you’re threatened. Perhaps frightened. Possibly you’re not even sure you comprehend what that really involves. Whatever your degree of fear, here are three simple strides to traversing your board meet tranquilly and in one piece. Stage 1: BEFOREYou reserve the privilege to ask who will be on your board. Do this. At that point inquire about each board part as well as could be expected. You’ll have the option to make sense of a considerable amount and get ready better for what each may be generally quick to ask you. What does this specific gathering of individuals educate you regarding what the organization is attempting to assess?You can likewise ask to what extent (generally) the meeting should last. This will give you a nice sentiment for what amount to and fro conversation will be conceivable, how much space you’ll be given to pose inquiries, to what extent your answers can be, etc.Step 2: DURING Treat every individual on the board like an individual not simply one more anonymous face. This isn't an indifferent divider asking you inquiries. Every questioner on your board is another chance to make a human association and persuade that a lot more individuals in the organization what an extraordinary fit you would be.Be sure to observe everybody’s name as they are presented. Record every one if that causes you recall. When responding to questions, talk straightforwardly to the person who asked, yet then attempt to widen your answer out to cause the remainder of the board to feel remembered for the discussion.Step 3: AFTERYou’ve took in their names and put forth an attempt to interface with each board part presently thank every single one of them earnestly withâ solid eye to eye connection and a quality handshake. From that point forward, it’s the typical post-meet follow-up methodology. Be that as it may, recall that you have to keep in touch with one card to say thanks for each board part. It appears to be a torment, however it’s these little contacts that will help set you apart.The board talk with: 6 hints for previously, during, and after

Causes and Consequences of Corruption in India and How to Counter It

Meaning OF Corruption is characterized as the utilization of open office for private addition, or at the end of the day, utilization of legitimate position, rank or status by an office carrier for his very own advantage. Following from this definition, instances of degenerate conduct would include: (a) pay off, (b) coercion, (c) misrepresentation, (d) theft, (e) nepotism, (f) cronyism, (g) assignment of open resources and property for private use, and (h) impact hawking. Exercises, for example, misrepresentation and misappropriation can be embraced by an authority alone and without association of a second party.While others, for example, pay off, coercion and impact selling include two gatherings â€The supplier and taker in a degenerate arrangement. The two party sort of defilement can emerge under an assortment of conditions. Regularly referenced are worried about the accompanying: (I) Government contracts: pay-offs can impact who gets the agreement, the details of the agreement, just as terms of subcontracts when the venture is executed. (ii) Government benefits: pay-offs can impact the portion of money related advantages, for example, credit endowments and supported costs and trade rates where value controls and different trade rates exist.Bribes can likewise be significant in acquiring licenses and allows to participate in worthwhile financial exercises, for example, bringing in specific merchandise popular and hard to find. Additionally, pay-offs can be utilized to obtain in-kind advantages, for example, access to special schools, financed clinical consideration, sponsored lodging and land, and appealing possession stakes in undertakings that are being privatized. (iii) Government income: pay-offs can be utilized to diminish the measure of assessments, expenses, duty, custom obligations, and power and other open utility charges gathered from business firms and private people. iv) Time reserve funds and administrative evasion: pay-offs can accelerate the conceding of consent, licenses and allows to complete exercises that are impeccably lawful. This is the supposed â€Å"grease money† to turn the wheels of administration all the more easily, quickly and ideally the correct way. It is additionally not hard to think about an extremely horrendous circumstance where rules and guidelines, and the manner in which they are applied, are so unpredictable and oppressive that the main path left to complete things is to pay cash to stay away from them. (v) Influencing results of legitimate and administrative procedures: pay-offs can be utilized to give motivating forces to administrative uthorities to cease from making a move, and to look the other way, when private gatherings participate in exercises that are infringing upon existing laws, rules and guidelines, for example, those identifying with controlling contamination, forestalling wellbeing dangers, or advancing open security as on account of construction standards and traffic gui delines. Correspondingly, pay-offs can be given to support one gathering over another in legal disputes or in other lawful and administrative procedures. Causes:- 1) Lack of viable administration and association: Due to fumble and disorder, there is a feeble control on different divisions and their working.This prompts absence of coordination and control among offices and levels of association. This uncontrolled and solo organization offers ascend to defilement for huge scope. Plus, arrangement of wasteful and inadequate chiefs and officials on different degrees of order additionally prompts bungle and disorder. The main source of this off-base arrangement is defilement. Consequently, defilement breeds debasement. 2) Lack of conservative strength: Economical emergency and value climb are significant reasons for debasement. Affordable emergency prompts joblessness and change in standard of living.It builds up a sentiment of weakness in the psyches of influenced individuals. The vast majority of the individuals don't have tolerance and boldness to confront this circumstance. So as to recapture their business and to keep up way of life and status, this influenced individuals connect with themselves in illicit and corrupt exercises. They would prefer not to buckle down again for accomplishing a similar position and post. They utilize different unlawful alternate ways for accomplishing them. 3) Lack of successful initiative: Good pioneers can just lead individuals towards development, improvement and progress. They assume huge job in destruction of social evils.In India, there is huge lack of good pioneers. Pioneers pass on message of residents to the organization and government. They lead the individuals against debasement and social indecencies. A nation can't make due without legit and genuine pioneers. There is dire need of pioneers like Mahatma Gandhiji. We need more Anna Hazares and Medha Patkars. 4) Lack of help: There are hardly any acceptable pioneers in I ndia. They endeavor hard to annihilate debasement from the general public. In any case, because of absence of help and participation from individuals, the voice and endeavors of these incredible pioneers are frequently suppressed.People of India are more worried about their life than the turn of events and assurance of their nation against social indecencies. Numerous residents have acknowledged debasement as a piece of their life. They figure, it is futile and exercise in futility, to help pioneers against debasement. 5) Lack of qualities: Home and instructive organization assume a critical job in character working of residents. Virtues are just educated in a large portion of these organizations. Be that as it may, they are not appropriately instilled in person. This is the fundamental reason for debasement. Numerous guardians and instructors don't rehearse what they preach.Hence, their proclaiming doesn't bring out wanted outcomes. Youngsters copy guardians. On the off chance that guardians are degenerate, all things considered, kids will likewise get degenerate. 6) Lack of adoration for nation: Due to quick modernisation and globalization, individuals are turning out to be increasingly narrow minded. They are just worried about self enhancement and riches gathering. The main target of numerous Indian is to get rich as quickly as time permits. They see themselves as enthusiastic just by commending freedom and republic day. They don't have a clue about the real importance of enthusiasm. They are not worried about advancement of country and privileges of others.Due to this mentality, they effectively engage in debasement and corrupt exercises. During strike and fights, numerous politically associated residents harm and devastate open property. 7) Lack of appropriate framework: In India, defilement exists in all levels and territories of framework. Not many legitimate individuals make due in this degenerate framework. The individuals who speak more loudly again st defilement are murdered or compelled to leave. This quickens the development of debasement. A large portion of the individuals associated with Indian framework have accept defilement as a vital part of their obligations. They don't have disdain or sick inclination towards corruption.They believe that without it, we can't endure and support in this framework. In addition, frameworks are interrelated and related. Accordingly, debasement spreads like tumor in all the frameworks. 8) Lack of fulfillment: Greed results from non-fulfillment. Individuals are not happy with their present status, position and riches. They need to get mogul in a limited capacity to focus time. Development and extravagance isn't terrible. However, it is miserable to see that the Indian are receiving illicit and shameless approaches to accomplish them. Numerous Indians are occupied with undesirable rivalries of riches gathering (with family members, partners and neighbors). ) Lack of independence: Establishme nt and development of private and business division rely upon endorsement of government official. Numerous lawmaker abuse their position and force. They have just a single rule for endorsement â€Å"Pay us else you won't get paid†. Business people consider pay off as duty like other authority charges. Pay off has gotten vital for the foundation of association. Organizations and contractual workers secure agreements and government extends because of pay off. Great citations and work of organization doesn't viewed as models for making sure about agreements. 0) Lack of good control and cautiousness: In India, a few organizations are working day and night to stop debasement. Be that as it may, a few authorities of these organizations get enticed towards illicit commissions and leave degenerate individuals with no punishment and discipline. Debasement breeds defilement. To keep a beware of crores of individuals, more organizations and progressively fair authorities are required. S ubsequently, there is an enormous deficiency of these organizations and authorities in India. This outcomes in absence of control and cautiousness on criminal operations. 11) Lack of good compensation: In private part, manager chooses pay and work benefits.He has total opportunity and there is no weight on him from government. Because of this reality, numerous businesses save money on more work. They misuse representatives of their organizations. Indeed, even the working conditions in the greater part of the foundations are more regrettable. Worker doesn't have any government managed savings and retirement benefits. Workers get disappointed and embrace unlawful intends to improve their income and future secure. 12) Lack of business: Many jobless instructed youth fall prey to debasement. They are happy to pay colossal sum for employments. Numerous business exploit this circumstance. They accept kickbacks and give arrangement letters.The designated representative uses all methods (law ful and unlawful) to recuperate his lost cash as ahead of schedule as could be expected under the circumstances. Henceforth, Corruption breeds debasement. At the point when these workers accomplish force and authority. They accept kickbacks from contender for employments. These customs of defilement proceed from age to age with no check and control. 13) Lack of seats and instructive organizations: In request to satisfy dreams and aspirations of their kids, guardians pay immense gift to make sure about affirmation for their youngsters. Consequently, the premise of affirmation isn't merit yet cash. The executives utilize greatest usage of standard allowed to them.Every year there is an expansion in gift sum. Wealthy understudies who made sure about less rate in assessments, effectively gets affirmations by paying gigantic gifts. Poor understudies who made sure about great rate str

A Civil Rights Movement Essay

A Civil Rights Movement EssayThere has been a lot of discussion about the 'Civil Rights Movement' that began in the South during the 1960's. I have always thought of it as a movement rather than a single event or set of events.In many ways, the Civil Rights Movement was simply the culmination of a movement that had begun during the Reconstruction Era. During the time of the Civil War, one group had resisted the laws passed by the United States government and also, slavery. During the civil war, those who had fought for the Confederacy were also fighting against the same set of laws passed by the United States government. It was at this time that many of these groups began to organize and fight for their rights.Many people will tell you that the Civil Rights Movement was as much for the African Americans then as it is now. That statement, however, is not entirely true. There were white men who were willing to stand up against the injustices being done to the African Americans.These sa me white men had, however, helped with the Civil Rights Movement by supporting the movement. Many of them were also involved in other movements during the time period, as well.Another thing that must be said about the Civil Rights Movement is that it was actually very short lived. As previously stated, the group that had started this movement had also been in rebellion against the United States government for several years.The Civil Rights Movement did indeed end after President Kennedy was assassinated. However, the effects of the Movement on America were there from the beginning. For example, when we look at African Americans today, we are seeing more people being in the United States illegally.In other words, the Civil Rights Movement did affect America at the time. However, what changed in America was the realization that African Americans should be treated as equals. This idea is something that has since spread throughout the world and is certainly here to stay.

Essay on Centralia Number 5 Disaster Approaches - 1078 Words

From February 7, 1942 to the deaths of 111 miners on March 25, 1947, Centralia Number 5 was a disaster waiting to happen. So many things could have been done that were not. Scanlans first report on February 7, 1942 was a premonition of the disaster to come. Scanlan as an inspector should have and could have done more to prevent this tragedy. This paper will discuss the four measures that Scanlan could have taken to avoid the catastrophe that resulted in so many deaths. The Clock Begins: The Choices Available Life is unpredictable. So many things that happen are beyond mans control. However, Centralia Number 5 was not one of them. This incident was a calamity waiting to happen. There were several points along this path of†¦show more content†¦Scanlans decision not to close down the mine is a reflection of what happens when mock bureaucracies become the norm. Scanlans based his decision not to close down the mine on the assumption that the Director would reopen the mine and fire or replace him with a more reasonable inspector. In government one of the first things a person learns, is to follow the chain of command. Your supervisor is not the last step, but the starting point. When a supervisor fails to perform, their legal, ethical, or moral duty, the next step in the chain is to report him or her to their supervisor and so on. Scanlan started using the chain of command and then stopped. When his initial attempts met with failure, as a public administrator, Scanlan had a duty to protect and ensure the enforcement of state laws. When his reports went unanswered, he allowed political bias to prevent him from doing the right thing. The saddest part [ about coal mining safety] is that in many instances the bias takes the form of concealing or glossing over unsafe conditions or practices (Harrington, 1926, p. 97). As a public administrator, Scanlan had the duty and obligation to make sure his reports went to correct person. If this meant hand delivering them, then he should have done so. Following the chain of command goes hand in hand with being an activeShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Theory Integrative Term Project: Concepts and Applications8159 Words   |  33 Pagesneeded, to facilitate a consistent and orderly method towards change. Rijal, S. (2012). Leadership Style and Organizational Culture in Learning Organization: A Comparative Study. International Journal of Management amp; Information Systems, 14(5), 119-128. Rijal’s focus in this article is the importance and prevalence of a strong leadership style and culture transformation, in order for an organization to become a learning organization and remain strong amidst environmental uncertainty.

Essay about Is Hamlet Mad or Mad in Craft - 1123 Words

Is Hamlet Mad or Mad in Craft? Madness is defined as the state of being mentally ill or having extremely foolish behavior. It is a condition in which is difficult to identify whether it is true or not. In William Shakespeares masterpiece, Hamlet, there is confusion as to whether or not his madness is real. The ghost of his father asks Hamlet to avenge his death. While he tries to accomplish this, he puts on an antic disposition. The antic disposition reoccurs throughout the play, but is merely an act. Hamlet is mad in craft because he admits that he is not mad several times, he behaves irrational only in front of certain individuals, and he has many feigned actions. From the very start, the ghost of Hamlet’s father tells him that†¦show more content†¦He acts irrational only when he is around certain individuals. He acts irrational around Polonius, Claudius, Gertrude Rosencrantz, Guildenstern and Ophelia but remains calm and rational around Horatio, Marcellus, and the players. A big part of the play is when Hamlet lashes out at Ophelia and convinces her he has actually gone mad. â€Å"With a look so piteous in purport as if he had been loosed out of hell to speak of horrors...Then he let out a sigh so piteous and profound as it did seem to shatter all his bulk and end his being† (2.1.84-97). This single action brings tremendous tension and makes Polonius immediately believe that Hamlet has gone mad because of his love for his daughter. On the other hand, Hamlet can be rational just as much as a sane person. Give him heedful note, for I mine eyes will rivet his face, and, after, we will both our judgments join in censure of his seeming† (3.2.83-86). Hamlet tells Horatio to watch Claudius during the play to see if he acts guilty. The fact that he thought this out in such an organized and clear way makes it hard to believe that he is mad because a madman would never be able to think like that. Hamlet also knows how to act properly around the players. An example of this is when he asks, You could, for a need, study a speech of some dozen or sixteen lines, which I would set down and insert in t, could you not?† (2.2.540-542). This question is understandable andShow MoreRelatedMadness; Real or Fake?747 Words   |  3 Pagesfamous philosopher Aristotle. There have been times in history where madness has been faked, and many times the mad person was caught, but, it is also not impossible to fake madness. This is shown in the tragic history of Hamlet written by William Shakespeare, where the title character’s madness is definitely faked. Hamlet is a genius who uses madness to develop his id ea of revenge. Hamlet has admitted to faking it, not once, but twice. He also has control over his madness, being able to switch fromRead MoreHamlet by William Shakespeare656 Words   |  3 Pageswrote Hamlet. The play is divided into six acts and is set in medieval Denmark. It is about Hamlet’s revenge on his uncle, Claudius, for murdering his father. Hamlet is widely considered one of Shakespeare’s greatest achievements; hundreds of theories have been spawned over the past four centuries. However, one of the most interesting aspects is the psychology behind it. There is plenty of psychological depth behind Hamlet’s madness. One could easily argue that Hamlet isn’t actually mad. HamletRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare1039 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeare s The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark is a play that will forever be recognized as a staple piece in classic literature. The play was focused around Hamlet, a man betray ed by his Uncle. Hamlets father, who was the King of Denmark passed away and his Uncle (father s brother) took his place. There is a notorious argument among the readers of this tragedy of whether or not Hamlet actually became insane after his fathers death or was just bluffing. Hamlet was not crazy. No one wouldRead MoreEssay on Hamlets Antic Disposition1487 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeares famous tragedy Hamlet, the main character of the story is one majestically elaborated, aside from being quite complex. There are infinite volumes written about this character because Shakespeare leaves no firm proof of many of his character traits. Yet on Hamlets antic disposition, meaning his obviously absurd temperament or madness, Shakespeare leaves plenty of reason to believe that it is feigned, meaning that it is simply a ploy to help Hamlet carry out his plans for revengeRead MoreMadness In Hamlet Essay869 Words   |  4 Pagesneed of an intervention. In Shakespeares Hamlet, th e main character, Hamlet, decides to fake his own derangement in order to prove his uncle Claudius guilty of the murder of his brother, King Hamlet. To avoid anyone discovering him, he maintains his crazy act in front of his own love interest, Ophelia, perplexing her to the point of lunacy. One of the main contributors to Ophelia’s authentic madness is Hamlet’s pretense of insanity, leading to both Hamlet and Ophelia’s ultimate defeat. From theRead More The Mood Swings of Hamlet in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay768 Words   |  4 PagesThe Mood Swings of Hamlet in Shakespeares Hamlet Hamlet has mood swings as his mood changes openly throughout the play. Towards certain people he acts certain ways. Hamlet appears to act mad when he hears of his fathers murder. No one knows if his madness is a show like he says or real like it seems. It seems as if there are two Hamlets in the play. One that is sensitive and an ideal prince and the insane uncivilized Hamlet, who from an outburst of passion and rage slays Polonius withRead MoreHamlet Madness In Hamlet1293 Words   |  6 Pages When reading Shakespeare’s Hamlet as a class, the first thing that most teachers or professors point out is the argument/idea of sanity, specifically Hamlets sanity. I believe that Hamlet is, in fact, feigning his madness. What I do not know is if I believe this because it is what I was taught or if I came up with the idea myself based on my own interpretation. When I was taught Hamlet there was no argument it was just fact that he was faking his madness. Because of my confusion, I came to findRead MoreAnalysis Of William Shakespeare s Hamlet 1174 Words   |  5 Pagesown child. 2. Hamlet s behavior is likely part of his plan to put an antic character on. He knows that by acting crazy around someone who knows him well, he will be able to establish his act. In her report of his behavior she explains that everything about Hamlet s behavior was completely different from his normal self. First of all, he never actually spoke a word, but instead just looked at her in a kind odd, intense way. He holds her hard and shakes her a little bit. Hamlet was disorderedRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Hamlet 918 Words   |  4 Pages Hamlet In the play Hamlet is about Prince Hamlet, The son of the deceased king and widowed queen Gertrude is told by the ghost his late father that his brother Claudius, now king and married to the Queen killed him. Prince Hamlet’s statement, â€Å"Frailty, thy woman† made is because he believes women are weak creatures. He is specifically very mad at his mother for marrying his uncle within a few months of his father death. Hamlet referring to women as being frailRead MoreThe Pretended Madness of Hamlet in Hamlet Essay761 Words   |  4 PagesIn Shakespeare’s Hamlet, the main character Hamlet is believed to have gone insane after the death of his father. There is much evidence in the play that causes one to believe that Hamlet is in fact crazy. However, there are also indications to the contrary, Hamlet only feigns madness for the purpose of carrying out his mission. He rehearses his pretend madness first with Ophelia for even if he fails to convince her , th at failure would not cause him any harm. The language he uses is clearly

Essay on How Love Is Represented in Romeo and Juliet free essay sample

Comparing noughts and crosses by Malorie Blackman to Romeo and Juliet Noughts and Crosses is reminiscent of Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet. Noughts amp; Crosses is a modern-day tale set in an alternative world where you are either a Cross with dark skin or a nought with white skin. It is a book about race, power and truth. In this book Sephy (Persephone) is a cross and Callum her best friend and soon to be lover Callum is a nought In some ways the book is very similar to Romeo and Juliet. For example Sephy (Persephone) has a close relationship with her mother’s secretary Sarah. This links with Romeo and Juliet because Juliet had a close bond with her nurse and in some ways Sarah is like a nurse to her. One scene that really emphasises this is when Callum sneaks into Sephy’s room and they sleep together. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay on How Love Is Represented in Romeo and Juliet or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the morning Sarah covers for her by kicking Callum’s trainers under the bed and out of her mother’s sight. She generally knew what she was doing because she said â€Å"get Callum dressed and out of here†. In Romeo and Juliet the nurse covers for Juliet when the same scenario occurs in the play. Juliets relationship with the nurse is very warm. It is the nurse who cares for Juliet when she is sick, who sits on her bed and holds her hand when Juliet is afraid, who helps her get dressed for parties. Sarah although maybe not quite as close as Juliet and her nurse has a very similar relationship with Sephy in Noughts and Crosses. Another example is how noughts and crosses are perceived as such rivals. In accordance to Romeo and Juliet with the Capulet’s and Montages the same rivalry occurs. Being in love with someone from the other side is seen as unfeasible. What also is interesting is that both books/plays and both sets of main characters choose to go against this and as a consequence end up paying a harsh price for their mistakes. In more detail this means that Callum was eventually hung for his love for Sephy and because the courts were convinced he had raped her. In Romeo and Juliet they both end up dying. Romeo drinks poison and Juliet stabs herself with a dagger. Another example is how Juliet loves her mother in a dutiful daughter way but they do not have a warm, close relationship. She respects her mother, and wants to live up to her mothers expectations. This is like Sephy’s relationship with her mother. Because her mother is a raging alcoholic she admired her as a mother but never really felt that emotionally connected with her. Another example is Lord Capulets response to Juliets disobedience is so violently harsh that I began to see him as a bit of a tyrant. We see the physical aggression most prominently in the big, confrontational scene with Juliet over whether or not she will marry Paris. When Juliet refuses, Capulet screams, Out you baggage, you tallow face My fingers itch when Juliet stands up, which suggests that hes prone to physical violence. He also lashes out against the nurse and his wife. This behaviour towards Juliet is similar to Sephy’s dad when she is adamant that she wants to keep her baby. She states that his immediate reaction was to slap her across the face. This shows he is a frustrated violent person because he did not manage to get what he wanted to get. Which was to save his reputation as prime minister). He then continued to abuse her with words by calling her a â€Å"blanker’s slut†. Blanker is a bad word for nought and so implies that he no longer favours her as his loving daughter but a neglected child that threatens to ruin his career. In both stories the father is demanding an expectation from their daughters and they both do not obey. This makes these stories very similar because of the relationships with the parents which are both so detached and strained.

Product Process Matrix free essay sample

Product Process Matrix A common classification of production process structures We often classify processes based on their physical configuration, material and product flow, flexibility, and volume expectation. There are four different process types, which a manager can choose, keeping in mind the relative importance of the following attributes:- Quality, Time, Flexibility, and Cost. These are: 1. Job process 2. Batch process 3. Line process, and 4. Continuous process Job process Machining precision parts Batch process Producing a batch of textbooks Line process Auto assembly Continuous process Oil-refining process Figure 4. 7 Processes at manufacturing organizations Job process A job process creates the flexibility needed to produce a variety of products or services in significant quantities. Customization is relatively high and volume for any one product or service is low. A job process primarily organizes all like resources around itself; equipment and workers capable of certain types of work are located together. These resources process all jobs requiring that type of work. We will write a custom essay sample on Product Process Matrix or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This process choice creates jumbled flows hrough the operations as customization is high and most jobs have a different sequence of processing steps. A typical example would be a machine shop which makes components for the aerospace industry. Most parts on airplanes are made in relatively small quantities compared to iPods. Other types of common job shops are grinding, honing, jig-boring, and gear manufacturing shops. Batch process A batch process (disconnected flow processes) differs from the job process with respect to volume, variety, and quantity. The primary difference is that volumes are higher because the same or similar products or services are provided repeatedly. Another difference is that a narrower range of products and services is provided. Batch production is popular in bakeries and in the manufacture of text books, sports shoes, pharmaceutical ingredients, inks, paints and adhesives. In the manufacture of inks and paints, a technique called a colour-run is used. A colour-run is where one manufactures the lightest color first, such as light yellow followed by the next increasingly darker colour such as orange, then red and so on until reaching black and then starts over again. This minimizes the cleanup and reconfiguring of the machinery between each batch. White (by which is meant opaque paint, not transparent ink) is the only colour that cannot be used in a colour run due to the fact that a small amount of white pigment can adversely affect the medium colours. There are inefficiencies associated with batch production. The production equipment must be stopped, re-configured, and its output tested before the next batch can be produced. Time between batches is known as down time. There are several advantages of batch production; it can reduce initial capital outlay because a single production line can be used to produce several products. As shown in the example, batch production can be useful for small businesses who cannot afford to run continuous production lines Line process A line process (repetitive or discrete flow process) lies between the batch and continuous processes on the continuum; volumes are high, and products or services are standardized, which allows resources to be organized around a product or service. There are line flows, with little inventory held between perations. Each operation performs the same process over and over, with little variability in the products or services provided. The example for this process is the famous Ford Assembly Line. Continuous process A continuous process is the extreme end of high-volume, standardized production with rigid line flows. Its name derives from the way materials move through the process. Usually, the primary material, such as liquid, gas, or powder, moves without stopping through the facility. The processes seem more like separate entities than a series of connected operations. The process is often capital-intensive and operated round the clock to maximize utilization and to avoid expensive shutdowns and start-ups. This process is followed in most of the float glass industry, where glass of different thickness is processed in a continuous manner. Once the molten glass flows out of the furnace, machines work on the glass from both side, and either compress or expand it. Controlling the speed of rotation of those machines and varying them in numbers produces a glass ribbon of varying width and thickness. Continuous production presents possibilities for enhancing automation. By employing Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and other automated controls, we can reduce chances of error (thereby delays and downtime) due to human intervention. This is due to the fact that most of the jobs are routine enough and can be easily automated. So there is a lot of scope for conveyors, elevators, feeders, etc. for transporting raw materials, in process materials etc. in continuous process industries. The most important difference between batch production and continuous production is that any changes in the products properties such as color, dimensions, or quality needs to be done online. And whenever it is affected, the results can be seen only after a fixed period which can extend from a few hours to days. Machinery maintenance in case of continuous process plants calls for online maintenance which requires very high alertness and quick response times from dedicated technicians. Process Analysis: Milk Processing Example System Performance= f (System Parameters)